1.) Royal decree issued by Mughal emperor Humayun.
Royal Decree issued by Mughal Emperor Humayun s/o Babar
'This Farman (Royal Decree) of freedom of trade is written in the state of Hind for 'Bohras, Shia, Ismailiah sect. When the emperor of Hind had to journey to the far flung areas of Marwari desert due to the difficulties of the time, most of the people showed disloyalty to the emperor. But, during this hard journey, when a group of Bohra traders heard about the presence of the emperor in the area, they came to him, hosted him and his troop heartily, and led them to show the safe ways to the border of Hindustan. Therefore, according to the order of the emperor, this farman for the freedom of trade is given to them. All rulers and local authorities should follow this farman and should not interfere in their religious and trade freedom. Because, Bohras are only traders and well-wishers of the empire.'
Bayram Khan
'This Farman (Royal Decree) of freedom of trade is written in the state of Hind for 'Bohras, Shia, Ismailiah sect. When the emperor of Hind had to journey to the far flung areas of Marwari desert due to the difficulties of the time, most of the people showed disloyalty to the emperor. But, during this hard journey, when a group of Bohra traders heard about the presence of the emperor in the area, they came to him, hosted him and his troop heartily, and led them to show the safe ways to the border of Hindustan. Therefore, according to the order of the emperor, this farman for the freedom of trade is given to them. All rulers and local authorities should follow this farman and should not interfere in their religious and trade freedom. Because, Bohras are only traders and well-wishers of the empire.'
Bayram Khan
The actual text of Emperor Humayun's royal decree with Urdu translation is below -
Source:
Book: 'Aqd al Jawahir fi Ahwal al Bawahir',
By historian: Syyed Abu Nadwi sahab.
Book: 'Aqd al Jawahir fi Ahwal al Bawahir',
By historian: Syyed Abu Nadwi sahab.
2.) Royal decree issued by Akbar the great.
Royal Decree issued by Emperor Akbar the Great
Allah o Akbar, this glorious farman is issued graciously to satisfy the wishes of the peace seeking and pious Dawood bin Qutub, the sardar of Bohras after considering to invite him to our court. So, the deputies of Gujrat especially the authorities of Ahmedabad, Sidhpur, and areas around it should not obstruct him in his ways and let him come to us according to his will. And the authorities should not object him and his followers especially in their religious tradition, system, zakat and prohibited things. They (authorities) should return their sealed properties. Give them the full authority of their properties, and not to restrict them from any business and occupation. They (authorities) should give them facilities without being covetous for anything. They should return their seized properties, because in near future their case is to be taken under consideration. Karories, Jagirdars and all responsible mansabdars of Gujrat are required to extend all facilities to the mentioned pious person while passing through their territories. If he wants any guide, they should provide him for safety against robbery and all dangers in the way. To respect him must be considered as a duty.
1st Rabi ul Akhar 1005 AH.
Capital Lahore.
Allah o Akbar, this glorious farman is issued graciously to satisfy the wishes of the peace seeking and pious Dawood bin Qutub, the sardar of Bohras after considering to invite him to our court. So, the deputies of Gujrat especially the authorities of Ahmedabad, Sidhpur, and areas around it should not obstruct him in his ways and let him come to us according to his will. And the authorities should not object him and his followers especially in their religious tradition, system, zakat and prohibited things. They (authorities) should return their sealed properties. Give them the full authority of their properties, and not to restrict them from any business and occupation. They (authorities) should give them facilities without being covetous for anything. They should return their seized properties, because in near future their case is to be taken under consideration. Karories, Jagirdars and all responsible mansabdars of Gujrat are required to extend all facilities to the mentioned pious person while passing through their territories. If he wants any guide, they should provide him for safety against robbery and all dangers in the way. To respect him must be considered as a duty.
1st Rabi ul Akhar 1005 AH.
Capital Lahore.
3.) Royal decree issued by Mughal emperor Jahangir.
Royal Decree Issued by Mughal Emperor Jahangir
This farman is issued and it is compulsory to obey it. It is explained that the source of virtues, fountainhead of purity , know for his following of shariat, characterised by the path (of shariat), learned of fact, Shaikh Dawood Gujrati and his companions are virtuous and revered people in every aspect. He (Syedna) is scholar of all knowledge, pious in all respect, he is the person of wisdom, zohod, and taqwa. Therefore, it is compulsory to all deputies and officials of present and future in the province Gujrat-Ahmadabad that in order to gain the satisfaction and benevolence of the emperor, they should not do any harm to the mentioned his excellency and his followers. This is also made compulsory to sadat izam, qazis of islam, mashaeekh kiram, uloma and the Government of Ahmadabad and other areas of Gujrat that they work in accordance of this order. They should not interfere or raise objection in the affairs of their religious faith. Their religious faith is in accordance with the shariat of Islam. They should be allowed to live freely so that they pray for betterment of our empire and strive for its betterment.
19TH JAMADIL ULA, 1019 AH.
This farman is issued and it is compulsory to obey it. It is explained that the source of virtues, fountainhead of purity , know for his following of shariat, characterised by the path (of shariat), learned of fact, Shaikh Dawood Gujrati and his companions are virtuous and revered people in every aspect. He (Syedna) is scholar of all knowledge, pious in all respect, he is the person of wisdom, zohod, and taqwa. Therefore, it is compulsory to all deputies and officials of present and future in the province Gujrat-Ahmadabad that in order to gain the satisfaction and benevolence of the emperor, they should not do any harm to the mentioned his excellency and his followers. This is also made compulsory to sadat izam, qazis of islam, mashaeekh kiram, uloma and the Government of Ahmadabad and other areas of Gujrat that they work in accordance of this order. They should not interfere or raise objection in the affairs of their religious faith. Their religious faith is in accordance with the shariat of Islam. They should be allowed to live freely so that they pray for betterment of our empire and strive for its betterment.
19TH JAMADIL ULA, 1019 AH.
These Royal Decrees can be found among other places in book of Sunni Historian Molana Syyed Abu Zafar Nadwi sahib with name, 'Aqd al Jawahir fi Ahwal al Bawahir'.
4.) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency (under Government of India's order) on Bohras.
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Indian Government official Gazetteer says:
"Bohras religion spread because of the persuasion of their missionaries, and others (non-Bohras)were spread because of the issue of life threat and use of force by the (non-Bohra) rulers." Government is neutral and sovereign authority their categorical statement above infers that in Hindustan Bohra is the only maslaq that spread in compliance with the way that Prophet Mohammad s.a.w.w. originally spread Islam. Where else others went against the Quran guiding principle of "Lakum Deenokum Walaydeen" (there is free will and one cannot force his opinion over others). |
5.) Chief justice of Ujjain = 40th Dai Syyedna Hebtullah Moiyyad a.q.
Chief Justice from religion different than King's own religion
The quality of justice was so prominent in rightful Bohra Dai's that in entire history of India never ever was ruler of another religion has ever made chief religious leader of another religion as the chief justice. This honour in history of India is bestowed only to 40th Dai Sayyedina Hebtullah Moiyyad a.q. who was made Chief Justice of Ujjain.
The quality of justice was so prominent in rightful Bohra Dai's that in entire history of India never ever was ruler of another religion has ever made chief religious leader of another religion as the chief justice. This honour in history of India is bestowed only to 40th Dai Sayyedina Hebtullah Moiyyad a.q. who was made Chief Justice of Ujjain.
6.) Abdullah Yusuf Ali: Bohra mumin - English translation of Quran.
The British Government of India has approved English translation Quran only from Abdullah Yusuf Ali was a Bohra mumineen.
7.) Historian Satish C. Mishra on Bohras.
Historian Satish C. Mishra says, "The phenomenal raise of Bohras is an unique event in the history of India."
8.) Veer Vinod - the official history of the state of Mewar on Bohras.
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His Excellency Maharana Sajjan Singh Ji sahib:
"Policy: Relation with other communities in town is unfruitful, and relations only with Bohras is rewarding for the State of Mewar." "Bohras is the only and single most favoured community of State of Mewar." [Source: Vir Vinod, official history of State of Mewar, its forward is written by current Maharana His Excellency Mewar'nath Shri Arvind Singh Ji Mewar] |
9.) Graveyard - speaks the supremacy of Bohras.
Proof of Bohra community is cut above the rest:
Only Bohra's graveyard is inside the city wall of Udaipur (state: Rajasthan, India). Rest all funeral places (graveyards and 'shamshaan') of rest all communities, caste and sect are outside the city-wall.
King and his family members or any parliamentarian or anyone else when die are taken out of the city precincts for the funeral, but the honour of Bohras is that even a small time mumin when dies his funeral happens inside the city wall.
Only Bohra's graveyard is inside the city wall of Udaipur (state: Rajasthan, India). Rest all funeral places (graveyards and 'shamshaan') of rest all communities, caste and sect are outside the city-wall.
King and his family members or any parliamentarian or anyone else when die are taken out of the city precincts for the funeral, but the honour of Bohras is that even a small time mumin when dies his funeral happens inside the city wall.
10.) Indian Penal Code - inspired by the writing of Sheikh Ibrahim Saify (grandson of Mazoon Luqman Ji sahib, Udaipur, Rajasthan).
"Indian Penal Code (IPC) is prepared with references from book "Kitab-un-Najah" written by Sheikh Ibrahim Saifee s/o Sheikh Jiva bhai s/o Mazoon Luqman ji Sahib (Udaipur)."
Source: Durrenajaf
Author: Qazi Dr. Shaikh Abbas Borhany PhD (USA), M.A. LLM (Sharjah), Advisor to: Fedral Shariyat Court of Pakistan
Book name: Ghadeer - Government of the people, for the people, by God.
Author: Anita Rai
"Ali's letter to Malik ul Ashtar has undoubtedly and strongly influence the United Nation Charters - Universal Declaration of Human Rights."
Note: Sheikh Ibrahim Saifee is grandson of Mazoon sahib Sayyedi Luqman Ji sahib [Vazeehpura, Boharwadi, Udaipur]. In his short life of 36 years he wrote 38 books. 43rd rightful Dai Syyedna Abde Ali Saifuddin a.q. who was so impressed with Sheikh Ibrahim bin Sheikh Jiva bhai (Udaipur) s/o Luqman Ji sahib (Udaipur) that Dai-Allah honoured him with his surname.
Source: Durrenajaf
Author: Qazi Dr. Shaikh Abbas Borhany PhD (USA), M.A. LLM (Sharjah), Advisor to: Fedral Shariyat Court of Pakistan
Book name: Ghadeer - Government of the people, for the people, by God.
Author: Anita Rai
"Ali's letter to Malik ul Ashtar has undoubtedly and strongly influence the United Nation Charters - Universal Declaration of Human Rights."
Note: Sheikh Ibrahim Saifee is grandson of Mazoon sahib Sayyedi Luqman Ji sahib [Vazeehpura, Boharwadi, Udaipur]. In his short life of 36 years he wrote 38 books. 43rd rightful Dai Syyedna Abde Ali Saifuddin a.q. who was so impressed with Sheikh Ibrahim bin Sheikh Jiva bhai (Udaipur) s/o Luqman Ji sahib (Udaipur) that Dai-Allah honoured him with his surname.
11.) Khan Ji Peer graveyard - landmark of Bohras supremacy.
Khanji Pheer graveyard - Landmark of Dawoodi Bohras supremacy
In Udaipur, approx 300 years back, during the era of Mukasir Syyedi va Molai Dawood bhaisahab(R), whose grave is next to Syyedi Khan Ji Pheer, Udaipur faced severest of the sever draught. Lakes, wells and bawdi were all dried. Hindus performed Poojas, yajna's, etc but all in vain. Sunni and Ithnashari Shia, Muslims baba's and saints rigorously tried their prayers but Almighty Allah rejected even that.
Mukasirsahib; Aaka va Syyedi va Molai Dawood bhaisahab (R) with group of our Dawoodi Bohra mumineen went to the central part of the floor of Lake Pich'chh'ola, and our all DB mumineen prayed to Allah for rain. Almighty Allah accepted our prayers and immediately musla-dhaar rain started, (Salwaat) and draught ended.
Maharana of Mewar felt so indebted to Mukasir Sahib Syyedi Dawood bhaisahab that in his Darbaar former offered gift of blank choice to later but later refused to accept. For any man his wife belonging and ornaments are a matter of prestige and his own respect. A king, super rich person like Maharana of Mewar, alternatively offered, let me gift you precious necklace of my Queen, it is fitted with diamonds and very precious stones. But again he declined to accept. So, what can I gift you? asked Maharaj. He replied, I do not want anything personally for myself. Should you wish to gift something then gift it to my community, they do not have their own graveyard and we face lot of problem for burial of our dead ones? Take a horse ride and mark the plot as big as you want for your graveyard and it will be registered as the property of Dawoodi Bohras promised Maharaja.
The graveyard of Khanji Pheer is bestows from Mukasir sahib Molae ya Sayyedi Dawood bhaisahab. All who belongs to Udaipur - for past three hundred years those muamineen are resting in that graveyard, they all and in future who will be buried there, were/are indebted to Aaka Mukasir Dawood bhaisahab.
Almighty Allah accepted the prayers of Dawoodi Bohras. This exhibit spiritual supremacy of Dawoodi Bohras over all others.
In Udaipur, approx 300 years back, during the era of Mukasir Syyedi va Molai Dawood bhaisahab(R), whose grave is next to Syyedi Khan Ji Pheer, Udaipur faced severest of the sever draught. Lakes, wells and bawdi were all dried. Hindus performed Poojas, yajna's, etc but all in vain. Sunni and Ithnashari Shia, Muslims baba's and saints rigorously tried their prayers but Almighty Allah rejected even that.
Mukasirsahib; Aaka va Syyedi va Molai Dawood bhaisahab (R) with group of our Dawoodi Bohra mumineen went to the central part of the floor of Lake Pich'chh'ola, and our all DB mumineen prayed to Allah for rain. Almighty Allah accepted our prayers and immediately musla-dhaar rain started, (Salwaat) and draught ended.
Maharana of Mewar felt so indebted to Mukasir Sahib Syyedi Dawood bhaisahab that in his Darbaar former offered gift of blank choice to later but later refused to accept. For any man his wife belonging and ornaments are a matter of prestige and his own respect. A king, super rich person like Maharana of Mewar, alternatively offered, let me gift you precious necklace of my Queen, it is fitted with diamonds and very precious stones. But again he declined to accept. So, what can I gift you? asked Maharaj. He replied, I do not want anything personally for myself. Should you wish to gift something then gift it to my community, they do not have their own graveyard and we face lot of problem for burial of our dead ones? Take a horse ride and mark the plot as big as you want for your graveyard and it will be registered as the property of Dawoodi Bohras promised Maharaja.
The graveyard of Khanji Pheer is bestows from Mukasir sahib Molae ya Sayyedi Dawood bhaisahab. All who belongs to Udaipur - for past three hundred years those muamineen are resting in that graveyard, they all and in future who will be buried there, were/are indebted to Aaka Mukasir Dawood bhaisahab.
Almighty Allah accepted the prayers of Dawoodi Bohras. This exhibit spiritual supremacy of Dawoodi Bohras over all others.
12.) Rasoolpura, Boharwadi, Udaipur - mosque v/s temple case.
Rasoolpura Mosque case – Dawoodi Bohras v/s Bhagwan Adinath Mandir, Boharwadi
Rasoolpura, Bohawadi (Udaipur, Raj) mosque was established over one hundred years ago. From its inception till next forty years the ‘pesh-imam’ services was offered by Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj.
During early inception days of this mosque, there was noise collision between Fazar Azaan amplified from Rasoolpura mosque and noise amplified from Shankh blowing & banging of ghanta’s (bells) from nearby Bhagwan Adinath Mandir, it created cacophony. Both party filed case against each other in court of Maharana of Mewar seeking firstslot to voice their ‘call for prayer’.
Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj advocated for Dawoodi Bohras and he didn’t let Hindu priest to undue influence king on the ground that they both were Hindus and of course Maharana was a neutral king on the throne of justice. Case dragged too long but all in vain, and when saturation point reached where debate was over and matter remained unresolved, then the Maharana ordered he will personally do spot visit at the time of 'call for prayers', and both party must strictly start their 'call for prayer' only after his arrival in Boharwadi.
Following day, Maharana didn’t arrive at the appointed time! Both parties were eagerly waiting… time kept on ticking but Maharana didn’t arrive… A point of time came when all Mumin's came to seek advice from Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj on what course to pursue? Because if now they do not call Azaan then the Faraz will get ‘kaza’, Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj instructed to call Azaan against the categorical command of Maharana. In other camp, Hindu priest decided to abide by the command of 'Hukkum', the Maharan and they were feeling very happy that Bohras have breached the Royal Decree so, Maharana will be unpleased with Bohras, as they have abided by his command so the ruling will come in their favor and they will be given first slot to voice 'call for prayers' over Bohras.
After sometime Maharana arrived and took stock of the situation, thereafter he declared: Bohras are hooked with their fixed time of prayers; so they called for prayers (azaan), they are ‘mohtaaj’ of command from their Allah. You (Priest & followers of Bhagwan Adinath Mandir) are ‘mohtaaj’ of my command, when I said, don’t call for prayers till I arrive, you abided by my command and didn’t blew your shankh/bells, so, you are ‘mohtaaj’ of me. Hence, Bohras will voice their Azaan first at their prescribed time and thereafter you will voice your shankh & bells.
Rasoolpura, Bohawadi (Udaipur, Raj) mosque was established over one hundred years ago. From its inception till next forty years the ‘pesh-imam’ services was offered by Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj.
During early inception days of this mosque, there was noise collision between Fazar Azaan amplified from Rasoolpura mosque and noise amplified from Shankh blowing & banging of ghanta’s (bells) from nearby Bhagwan Adinath Mandir, it created cacophony. Both party filed case against each other in court of Maharana of Mewar seeking firstslot to voice their ‘call for prayer’.
Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj advocated for Dawoodi Bohras and he didn’t let Hindu priest to undue influence king on the ground that they both were Hindus and of course Maharana was a neutral king on the throne of justice. Case dragged too long but all in vain, and when saturation point reached where debate was over and matter remained unresolved, then the Maharana ordered he will personally do spot visit at the time of 'call for prayers', and both party must strictly start their 'call for prayer' only after his arrival in Boharwadi.
Following day, Maharana didn’t arrive at the appointed time! Both parties were eagerly waiting… time kept on ticking but Maharana didn’t arrive… A point of time came when all Mumin's came to seek advice from Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj on what course to pursue? Because if now they do not call Azaan then the Faraz will get ‘kaza’, Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj instructed to call Azaan against the categorical command of Maharana. In other camp, Hindu priest decided to abide by the command of 'Hukkum', the Maharan and they were feeling very happy that Bohras have breached the Royal Decree so, Maharana will be unpleased with Bohras, as they have abided by his command so the ruling will come in their favor and they will be given first slot to voice 'call for prayers' over Bohras.
After sometime Maharana arrived and took stock of the situation, thereafter he declared: Bohras are hooked with their fixed time of prayers; so they called for prayers (azaan), they are ‘mohtaaj’ of command from their Allah. You (Priest & followers of Bhagwan Adinath Mandir) are ‘mohtaaj’ of my command, when I said, don’t call for prayers till I arrive, you abided by my command and didn’t blew your shankh/bells, so, you are ‘mohtaaj’ of me. Hence, Bohras will voice their Azaan first at their prescribed time and thereafter you will voice your shankh & bells.
13.) Mulla Qurban Hussain Raj
Mulla Qurban Hussain Rajnagar Wala -
• Aapke daur me Udaipur me Bakra Eid (Eid-ul-azha) per janwar ki qurbani dene per rok thi. Aapne Darbar His Excellency Fateh Singh Ji se araz kar ke yeh rok hatai.
(Refer book: Hayat-a-Tayyeba, Page# 4). Pure Mewar ke Musalman aapke ahsanmand rahenge.
• Rasoolpura ki masjid ki tameer me jhagda tha, aapne jhagda khatam kara kar tameeri kaam ko anjam diya.
• Issi masjid me aap 40 saal tak namaz ki tawalli ki (Pesh Imam reh kar ke khidmat di).
• Rasoolpura masjid ke saamne Bhagwan Adinath ke Mandir walo ne Mewar ke Maharana ke Darbaar me case kiya ki Rasoolpura ki masjid ke Fazr ke azan ka waqt badla jaye kyonki woh us waqt apne mandir ke ghante / shankh bajatae he. Mulla Qurban Hussain sahab ki waqalat se His Excellency Darbar ne faisla humare Rasoopura ki masjid ke favour me sunaya aur Bhagwan Adinath Mandir walo ko apna pooja ka waqt badalna pada.
• Jeewan Ali, Rajab Ali ki party ne Kothar ke zulmo ke khilaf khullam khulla inqlab kiya aur un per Sardar Tahir Saifuddin sahab ne 'Salam bandh' (social boycott) declare kiya, aise sakht halat me unki party ko khufiya taur se Mulla Qurban Hussain sahab ne madad ki.
• Aapne Molae Khan ji Pheer ke qubbe per chaandi (silver) ka darwaza banwaya.
• Rozana har mazhab ke hazat mando ki madad karte.
• Udaipur ke Aamil (100 saal pehle), Miya Sahab Sheikh Abdullah Palanpur Wala sahab ki hi sirf wazah se Udaipur me Fatimi Dawat ki sahi roshni he. Mulla Qurban Hussain sahab; Miya sahab Shk. Adullah Palanpur wala ke shagird rashid the aur aap Udaipur me Fatimi Dawat ka sahi ilm felane walo me se eik the.
• Mulla Qurabn Hussain Rajnagar Wala sahab ne jo humare quom ki lillah-fillah khidmat ki he, uske liye hum quom ke farzand Allah se dua karte he ki Allah Mulla Qurabn Hussain sahab ko afzalul zaza aur kher ata kare aur aapki qabr mubarak per Rehmat aur Rihanat ki barish kare. Aameen.
• Aapke daur me Udaipur me Bakra Eid (Eid-ul-azha) per janwar ki qurbani dene per rok thi. Aapne Darbar His Excellency Fateh Singh Ji se araz kar ke yeh rok hatai.
(Refer book: Hayat-a-Tayyeba, Page# 4). Pure Mewar ke Musalman aapke ahsanmand rahenge.
• Rasoolpura ki masjid ki tameer me jhagda tha, aapne jhagda khatam kara kar tameeri kaam ko anjam diya.
• Issi masjid me aap 40 saal tak namaz ki tawalli ki (Pesh Imam reh kar ke khidmat di).
• Rasoolpura masjid ke saamne Bhagwan Adinath ke Mandir walo ne Mewar ke Maharana ke Darbaar me case kiya ki Rasoolpura ki masjid ke Fazr ke azan ka waqt badla jaye kyonki woh us waqt apne mandir ke ghante / shankh bajatae he. Mulla Qurban Hussain sahab ki waqalat se His Excellency Darbar ne faisla humare Rasoopura ki masjid ke favour me sunaya aur Bhagwan Adinath Mandir walo ko apna pooja ka waqt badalna pada.
• Jeewan Ali, Rajab Ali ki party ne Kothar ke zulmo ke khilaf khullam khulla inqlab kiya aur un per Sardar Tahir Saifuddin sahab ne 'Salam bandh' (social boycott) declare kiya, aise sakht halat me unki party ko khufiya taur se Mulla Qurban Hussain sahab ne madad ki.
• Aapne Molae Khan ji Pheer ke qubbe per chaandi (silver) ka darwaza banwaya.
• Rozana har mazhab ke hazat mando ki madad karte.
• Udaipur ke Aamil (100 saal pehle), Miya Sahab Sheikh Abdullah Palanpur Wala sahab ki hi sirf wazah se Udaipur me Fatimi Dawat ki sahi roshni he. Mulla Qurban Hussain sahab; Miya sahab Shk. Adullah Palanpur wala ke shagird rashid the aur aap Udaipur me Fatimi Dawat ka sahi ilm felane walo me se eik the.
• Mulla Qurabn Hussain Rajnagar Wala sahab ne jo humare quom ki lillah-fillah khidmat ki he, uske liye hum quom ke farzand Allah se dua karte he ki Allah Mulla Qurabn Hussain sahab ko afzalul zaza aur kher ata kare aur aapki qabr mubarak per Rehmat aur Rihanat ki barish kare. Aameen.
14.) Mentors of Bohras (in recent times)
Mentors of our Bohra community (in recent times):
[1] अल अलीमुर रशीद शेख अल मुक्द्दस शहीद सज्जाद हुसैन सारंगपुर वाला - कोठार ने सूरत में आपको शहीद किया।
[2] अल अलीमुर रशीद शेख हसन अली मुल्ला फ़िदा हुसैन सारंगपुर वाला - ज़ाहिद हैदराबादी, इस्ना अशरी, और बोहरा कौम के दूसरे दुशमनों कि फ़ितनत से हमारी हिफ़ाज़त की।
[3] अल अलीमुल ज़य्यद शेख अली अहमद सारंगपुर वाला।
[4] अल अलीमुल ज़य्यद साबिक उस्ताद दर्जा अव्वल शेख अहमद अली राज।
[5] मुल्ला क़ुरबान हुसैन बिन मुल्ला अहमद अली राज - आपके हाथों पर रसूलपुरा मस्जिद की तामीर मुम्किन हुई व आपने चालीस साल तक इसी मस्जिद में पेश इमामत कि खिदमत की, आपकी पैरवी व वकीली से जानवर कि कुर्बानी से पाबंदी हटी व रसूलपुरा मस्जिद महाराणा साहिब के दरबार मे भगवान आदीनाथ मंदिर से केस जीता।
[6] शेख अल फ़ाजिल याकूब अली राज।
[7] उदयपुर के आमिल साहिब शेख तय्यब अली मामा जी।
[8] उदयपुर के आमिल साहब शेख अब्दुल्लाह पालनपुर वाला साहिब - उदयपुर में दीन की रोशनी के जनक आप ही थे। एक सौ बरस पहले आप उदयपुर के आमिल थे।
[9] शहीद मुल्ला अब्बास औरंगाबादी - कराची, पाकिस्तान में कोठार के गुण्डों ने आप को पेट्रोल से जिन्दा जला दिया।
[10] शेख गुलाम अली उर्फ़ कालू भई - कोठार के नुमाइंदे शेख यमानी को बहस में हराकर यूथ जमाअत का सिक्का जमाया।
[11] वकील साहब इमरान अली इब्राहिम जी - हकीमिया कोरोनेशन हाई स्कूल, बुरहानपुर के सरपरस्त, हमारी बोहरा कौम में तालीम फ़ैलाने में आप का अहम किरदार रहा है।
[12] जीवन अली इब्ने रजब अली पार्टी।
[13] उस्ताद मुल्ला अली मोहम्मद जी हेड मास्टर साहब।
[14] शेख मोहम्मद अली मिस्री।
[15] शेख फ़िदा हुसैन।
[16] शेख गुलाम अली मुराद अली।
[17] शेख चाँद खान रामपुरा वाला - लेखक किताब: खमाइलुर रातेईन।
[18] शेख गुलाम अब्बास जयपुरी।
[19] शेख गुलाम अली देहली वाला।
[20] मुल्ला अकबर अली वागपुरा वाला।
[21] मुल्ला अल्लाहबखश कांकरोली वाला।
[22] मुल्ला इस्माईल अली जी अत्तर वाला।
[23] सर आदम जी पीर भाई।
[24] बहन अमातुल्लाह बाई जौज़ा अली भाई आदम जी पीर भाई - आपकी लाश को कोठार के गुण्डों ने कब्र से निकाल कर सडक पर फ़ैंक दी।
[25] शहीद शेख अली भाई इब्ने सय्यदी मुकासिर साहिब खान जी पीर।
[26] शहीद शेख इस्माईल जी इब्ने शेख सुलेमान जी इब्ने मुकासिर साहिब सय्यदी दाऊद भाईसाहिब।
[27] सेठ साहब शेख माम जी।
[28] मुल्ला कुद्दूस हुसैन।
[29] शेख सज्जाद हुसैन मशरकी।
[30] मुल्ला साहब सालेह मोहम्मद बरोडा वाला।
[31] मुल्ला साहब अब्देअली चाचुलिया वाला।
[32] मुल्ला साहब सारंगपुर वाला।
[33] जनाब मोहम्मद मुमिन जी वाला उर्फ़ कालू भई।
[34] जनाब गुलाम अब्बास खाखर वाला।
etc.
[1] अल अलीमुर रशीद शेख अल मुक्द्दस शहीद सज्जाद हुसैन सारंगपुर वाला - कोठार ने सूरत में आपको शहीद किया।
[2] अल अलीमुर रशीद शेख हसन अली मुल्ला फ़िदा हुसैन सारंगपुर वाला - ज़ाहिद हैदराबादी, इस्ना अशरी, और बोहरा कौम के दूसरे दुशमनों कि फ़ितनत से हमारी हिफ़ाज़त की।
[3] अल अलीमुल ज़य्यद शेख अली अहमद सारंगपुर वाला।
[4] अल अलीमुल ज़य्यद साबिक उस्ताद दर्जा अव्वल शेख अहमद अली राज।
[5] मुल्ला क़ुरबान हुसैन बिन मुल्ला अहमद अली राज - आपके हाथों पर रसूलपुरा मस्जिद की तामीर मुम्किन हुई व आपने चालीस साल तक इसी मस्जिद में पेश इमामत कि खिदमत की, आपकी पैरवी व वकीली से जानवर कि कुर्बानी से पाबंदी हटी व रसूलपुरा मस्जिद महाराणा साहिब के दरबार मे भगवान आदीनाथ मंदिर से केस जीता।
[6] शेख अल फ़ाजिल याकूब अली राज।
[7] उदयपुर के आमिल साहिब शेख तय्यब अली मामा जी।
[8] उदयपुर के आमिल साहब शेख अब्दुल्लाह पालनपुर वाला साहिब - उदयपुर में दीन की रोशनी के जनक आप ही थे। एक सौ बरस पहले आप उदयपुर के आमिल थे।
[9] शहीद मुल्ला अब्बास औरंगाबादी - कराची, पाकिस्तान में कोठार के गुण्डों ने आप को पेट्रोल से जिन्दा जला दिया।
[10] शेख गुलाम अली उर्फ़ कालू भई - कोठार के नुमाइंदे शेख यमानी को बहस में हराकर यूथ जमाअत का सिक्का जमाया।
[11] वकील साहब इमरान अली इब्राहिम जी - हकीमिया कोरोनेशन हाई स्कूल, बुरहानपुर के सरपरस्त, हमारी बोहरा कौम में तालीम फ़ैलाने में आप का अहम किरदार रहा है।
[12] जीवन अली इब्ने रजब अली पार्टी।
[13] उस्ताद मुल्ला अली मोहम्मद जी हेड मास्टर साहब।
[14] शेख मोहम्मद अली मिस्री।
[15] शेख फ़िदा हुसैन।
[16] शेख गुलाम अली मुराद अली।
[17] शेख चाँद खान रामपुरा वाला - लेखक किताब: खमाइलुर रातेईन।
[18] शेख गुलाम अब्बास जयपुरी।
[19] शेख गुलाम अली देहली वाला।
[20] मुल्ला अकबर अली वागपुरा वाला।
[21] मुल्ला अल्लाहबखश कांकरोली वाला।
[22] मुल्ला इस्माईल अली जी अत्तर वाला।
[23] सर आदम जी पीर भाई।
[24] बहन अमातुल्लाह बाई जौज़ा अली भाई आदम जी पीर भाई - आपकी लाश को कोठार के गुण्डों ने कब्र से निकाल कर सडक पर फ़ैंक दी।
[25] शहीद शेख अली भाई इब्ने सय्यदी मुकासिर साहिब खान जी पीर।
[26] शहीद शेख इस्माईल जी इब्ने शेख सुलेमान जी इब्ने मुकासिर साहिब सय्यदी दाऊद भाईसाहिब।
[27] सेठ साहब शेख माम जी।
[28] मुल्ला कुद्दूस हुसैन।
[29] शेख सज्जाद हुसैन मशरकी।
[30] मुल्ला साहब सालेह मोहम्मद बरोडा वाला।
[31] मुल्ला साहब अब्देअली चाचुलिया वाला।
[32] मुल्ला साहब सारंगपुर वाला।
[33] जनाब मोहम्मद मुमिन जी वाला उर्फ़ कालू भई।
[34] जनाब गुलाम अब्बास खाखर वाला।
etc.
15.) bohra's business titans - bahar ji bohra, Mulla Abdul Ghafur, mulla mohammad ali, mohammad mokrim
Bohra Business Titans - Immortal in history
Bahar Ji Bohra (also called Vir Ji Bohra) year 1590 - 1670 AD -
John F. Richards (note ^1) in his book 'The Mughal Empire' on page 209 writes: "Bahar Ji Bohra, the Ismaili trader was reputed to be the richest merchant in the world."
Above fact is also reported by 'The East India Company Factory Records'. (Note ^2)
His the then net worth is estimated to be Eight Million Indian Rupees. (Note ^3)
In Book 'Mullahs on the Mainframe': Islam and Modernity Among Daudi Bohras', Jonah Blank says on page number 46: Vir Ji Vora maintained the economic dominance in much of the Surat city trades. He owned the pepper monopoly for the entire region. East India Company was forced to treat him like an independent princeling.
The business activities of Bahar Ji Bohra included wholesale trading and banking. He established a monopoly over certain imports in Surat, and dealt with a wide range of commodities including spices, bullion, coral, ivory and lead. He was a major credit supplier and customer of the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company. (Note ^4)
The records of the East India Company frequently mention the business activities of Virji Vora (Bahar Ji Bohra), The earliest mention of Virji appears in an East India Company record dated 22 March 1619, which recommends that his servant should be given "courteous usage" of all English ships at the harbour of Surat. This meant that Virji's agent was given a permit, authorising him to visit English ships for making commercial transactions. This indicates that he was already a well-established merchant by year 1619.
The business house of Virji Vora had branches at several places in India, as well as at the port cities of the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the South-East Asia. Virji had agents at most important commercial centers of India, including Agra, Burhanpur, Deccan, Goa, Calicut in Malabar, and Bihar. Within Gujrat his agents were in towns including Ahmedabad, Baroda and Bharouch.
An English factory record dated 18 July 1643 mentions him as "the sole monopolist of all European commodities". Virji Vora competed with the British East India Company (EIC) at times, but he was also their biggest creditor and customer in Surat. The two often sent gifts and letters to each other.
One English record states that "the town (Surat) is very empty of moneys; Virji Vora is the only master of it" and "none but Virgee Vorah hath moneye to lend or will lend."
A letter dated 27 January 1642 mentions him as the "greatest creditor" of the East India Company, and mentions that he offered a loan of Rs. 100,000 in "necessitous and calamitous times"
The Dutch and the English often used his facilities for transmitting large amounts of money from Surat to Agra through Hundis (similar to demand drafts or travellers cheque).
Virji Vora's relationships with the Mughal Governors of Surat were mostly cordial. Mir Musa, the Subahdar of Surat in the 1630s, himself traded with the English. In order to maintain good relations with him, Virji did not deal with the English in the commodities in which Mir Musa traded. Later in 1642, Mir Musa helped Virji corner to coral stock. Virji later used his friendship with Mir Musa to monopolize coral, pepper and other commodities in 1643.
Hakim Sadra who briefly replaced Mir Musa as the Subahdar in 1635, seized all the available supplies of pepper in Surat in 1638. He extorted money from the mercantile communities of Surat, and consequently, ran into a conflict with Virji Vora. In the early months of 1638, he put Virji in a jail at Surat. He charged Virji with as many as 50 offences, and sent a list of these offences to the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan. Virji denied all the charges, and was summoned by the emperor. The emperor set him free and removed Hakim from the office.
Virji Vora suffered a major setback when the Maratha chief Shiva Ji raided Surat in 1664. On 7 January 1664, the Maratha soldiers demolished his residence and warehouses, and looted a large amount of money along with pearls, rubies, emeralds and diamonds.
Volquard Iverson, a Dutch eye-witness states that Shivaji got "six barrels of gold, money, pearls, gems and other precious wares" from Virji.
The French traveler Jean de Thévenot, who visited Surat in the 1660s and developed a friendship with Virji, also wrote about the huge monetary loss suffered by him during the Shivaji's raid. William Foster estimates this loot to be worth £50,000.
Virji had grown old by 1670, and suffered another setback during Shivaji's second raid of Surat in 1670. The English and Dutch records of Surat's merchants and brokers do not mention him after 1670. Which indicates he passed in year 1670.
François Martin, who served as the head of the French operations in Surat during 1681-1686, wrote about a set of banker-cum-merchants whom he always referred to as "the brothers Boras" (Bohra bhai).
A 1655 letter from him to the Company is signed in Gujarati as "Virji Vohora Kendua".
The proof that Vir Ji Vohra was Dawoodi Bohra and not Hindu as per some right-wing Hindu writers: Shiva Ji looted Muslim and spared Hindus, he looted Muslim businessmen like Vir Ji Vora, Haji Zahid Beg, Haji Kasim, etc and spared Hindu businessmen like Mohandas Parekh. Looting Vir Ji was proof that he was not Hindu but a Bohra.
'Trade, Institutions and Ethnic Tolerance: Evidence from South Asia' by Saumitra Jha of Stanford Graduate School of Business (page 15) -
[This article was also published in: American Political Science Review, Vol. 107, No. 4 November 2013]
East Indian Company sources referred to one of their creditors, the Bohra merchant, Virji Vohra, as one of the richest merchants anywhere, holding a local monopoly over Arabian horses (Richards, 1996). This relative affluence seems to have continued over time; the 19th century Bombay Gazetteer (Campbell, ed, 1899)[p.29] states ¡°especially in Surat [Bohras] are prosperous, many of them rich and the bulk well-to-do; the poor thrifty and free from debt and the unfortunate are maintained from a common fund.¡±
Note ^1: John F. Richards is Professor of History at Duke University, North Carolina. His book was published by Cambridge University Press.
Note ^2: Source: James Douglas year 1883, 'A book of Bombay. Bombay Gazette Stam Press, Page number 133.
Note ^3: Source: Michael Naylor Pearson (1976) in his book 'Merchants and rulers in Gujrat, published by University of California Press.
Note ^4: R. J. Barendse (2002). The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century.
*****
Shipping Tycoon Bohra Mumin: Mulla Abdul Ghafur
Born c. 1622, Died c. 1718.
Dutch East India Company indicates that Mulla Abdul continually outmaneuvered European traders. [Refer note ^1]
He was born in poor family, progressed to be awarded title of "Umdat - ut - tujjar" (the most eminent merchant) by Mughal court. He was also renowned as a "merchant prince".
Owner of 17 - 34 Ships, they mavigates Indian ocean, Arabia, to the Chinese sea, Malay, and Sumatra.
Note ^1: Sorced from book: Great lives from history by Howard Bromberg. (This book details 446 wealthiest in ancient and current time).
Maratha bandit Shivaji has looted Mulla Abdul Ghafur too. - Article: Idea of money for Merchants by Dr. Monika Sharma.
Book: Storia Do Mogor (or Mogul India) was published for the Government of India in year 1907. This book gives details of business legends of Mulla Abdul Ghafur sahib.
*****
Mulla Mohammad Ali, Surat.
Book: Mirat - i - Ahmedi, page 457, 462, 495, 496, & 500 -
"Mulla Mohammad Ali (a business tycoon) maintained a troop of about THREE THOUSAND soldiers. He built luxurious fort and citadel."
Book: Vahora Vibhutiyo by Deepak Bardolikar, page 18:
"He was involved and interfered in local politics of Surat."
He developed island (near port of Gogha, Gujrat). And developed village of 'Athawa' in Surat near bank of river Tapi. Many people collected together to settle their. Several bazar spranged up on that road (towards his fort).
It is rightly said, "Bohra mumin sunsaan jagah ma bhi wase, to thoda arsa ma oli sunsaan jagah; gaanv jim aabad thai jaye."
Mulla Mohammad Ali sahib may be the only Bohra merchant in history of over one thousand years to keep private army of 3,000 soldiers.
In curiosity we searched over Google on famed "individual" business merchants from birth of Christ till date - if anyone kept big private army of soldiers; as big as our Bohra mumin merchant Mulla Mohammad Ali.
Caveat is we have not researched all books or website in above context. With whatever limited research on Google we did - To our surprise we found in past two thousand plus years: No individual merchant, never ever had body-guards or private army as big as of size three thousand soldiers!
Some company based businesses like Dutch India Company, East India Company or very few others from US (that too in special cases like world war) or Europe companies - other than these handful of companies form of business, no other business companies too; never ever had private army of such a huge size.
Little research on pirates too revealed their bandit troop too run in smaller size per boat.
So it is remarkable feat of our Bohra business tycoon Mulla Mohammad Ali to have his own fort for his business need and have his private army of the biggest size the world have ever seen at 3,000 soldiers. The greatest feat ever by a merchant indeed!
*****
Muhammad Mokrim
The Packard Humanities Institute, Los Altos, California, USA (Click link to open: The Packard) -
"Kureem Sáhib, meanwhile, when he moved off to Mahmood Bundur, met with no resistance; and having by night marches arrived at the town, he surrounded, and, at the first assault, bravely took possession of it, and plundered the houses of all the wealthy merchants, bankers, and traders, of bales on bales of merchandise, and bags on bags of gold and jewels. The next day, the whole of the wealth and commodities taken from all the merchants, who had expended millions of rupees in commissioning or procuring them from different parts of the world, for the purpose of barter, were collected in one place. Amongst the rest was the whole of the property of a certain Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohra tribe, the Chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships, who about this time had purchased thirty-five Jhawah or young elephants, of eight or nine years old, sixty Tankun, or ponies of Manilla and Pegu, and also cloths of great value, and dresses of honour from the countries of Bengal, Bunaras, China, Kashmeer, Boorhanpoor, Mutchliputtun, &c. All these articles were taken, and laden on elephants, camels, bullocks, and carts; and with the merchant to whom they had belonged, and his dependents, as prisoners, were sent to the Nawaub."
The history of Hyder Shah, alias Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur, and of his son, Tippoo Sultaun by His Highness Prince Gholam Mohammed page 254 (269) -
"The property of a certain Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohr a tribe (the Bohras are a tribe of newly converted Mussulmans, residing mostly in the North Western provinces of India, they are chiefly merchants and traders), the chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships, who about this time had purchased thirty-five young elephants of eight or nine years old, sixty taukun, or ponies of Manilla and Pegu, and also cloths of great value, and dresses of honour from the countries of Bengal, Bunares, China, Cashmere, Boorhanpoor, Mutchliputtun, etc. All these articles were taken, and laden on elephants, camels, bullocks, and carts, and with the merchant to whom they had belonged, and his dependants, as prisoners, were sent to Hyder."
Book: History of Mysore by C. Hayavadana Rao printed (Bangalore year 1946), page# 329 -
While the detachment under Karim Sahib, proceeding by night, marched to Porto Novo and took it at the first assault on the 22nd, plundering the houses of all the wealthy merchants, bankers and traders " of bales on bales of merchandise and bags on bags of gold and jewels," Karim Sahib having " collected in one place " the entire spoils, laden them " on elephants, camels, bullocks and carts " and sent them to Haidar, " with the merchant to whom they had belonged/' namely, Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohra tribe, the Chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships"
Hobson - Jobson: The anglo Indian Dictionary (first published in year 1886), page# 106, under heading "Bora" -
"Circa 1780 - The whole of the property of Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohra tribe, the chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships." was looted by Karim Sahib brother of Tipu Sultan of Mysore
The History of Hydar Naik, Otherwise Styled Shums Ul Moolk, Ameer Ud Dowla Nawaub Hydur Ali Khan Bahadoor, Hudur Jung, Nawaub of the Karnatic Balaghaut written by Meer Hussein Ali Khan Kirmani (Translated from an original Persian manuscript, in the library of Her Most Gracious Majesty by Colonel W. Miles, of the Hon. East India Company's Service.), page # 383 -
"Amongst the rest was the whole of the property of certain Muhammad Mokrim a man of the Bohra tribe the Chief of all the merchants and the owner of three or four merchant ships who about time had purchased thirty five Jhawah or elephants of eight or nine years old sixty Tankun or ponies of Manilla and Pegu and also of great value and dresses of honour from countries of Bengal Bunaras China Kashmeer Boorhanpoor Mutchliputtun etc All these were taken and laden on elephants camels bullocks and carts and with the merchant to they had belonged and his dependents as prisoners were sent to the Nawaub."
Bohras are located in north west India, and Porto-Nova is located in the South India. All the major historians reporting the era has categorically mentioned him as the "Chief of all merchants" - he was presumably the most resourceful and intelligent person of his time, he was under no pressure politically or materially from Bohras, he with his freewill and intelligence got converted into the maslaq of Dawoodi Bohras. This example of Muhammad Mukrim speaks in volume the truthfulness and rightfulness of Bohras that it appeals to intellect people.
[Porto-Novo, also called "Parangipettai - Historically called Porto Novo is a panchayat town in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. PortoNovo is situated on the north bank of the mouth of Vellar at a distance of 32km from Cuddalore and 22Km from Chidambaram. Porto Novo was an important trade centre during colonial era. Portuguese were the first European settlers of this place from whom it passed into the possession of the Dutch and finally handed it over to the English in 1824.]
John F. Richards (note ^1) in his book 'The Mughal Empire' on page 209 writes: "Bahar Ji Bohra, the Ismaili trader was reputed to be the richest merchant in the world."
Above fact is also reported by 'The East India Company Factory Records'. (Note ^2)
His the then net worth is estimated to be Eight Million Indian Rupees. (Note ^3)
In Book 'Mullahs on the Mainframe': Islam and Modernity Among Daudi Bohras', Jonah Blank says on page number 46: Vir Ji Vora maintained the economic dominance in much of the Surat city trades. He owned the pepper monopoly for the entire region. East India Company was forced to treat him like an independent princeling.
The business activities of Bahar Ji Bohra included wholesale trading and banking. He established a monopoly over certain imports in Surat, and dealt with a wide range of commodities including spices, bullion, coral, ivory and lead. He was a major credit supplier and customer of the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company. (Note ^4)
The records of the East India Company frequently mention the business activities of Virji Vora (Bahar Ji Bohra), The earliest mention of Virji appears in an East India Company record dated 22 March 1619, which recommends that his servant should be given "courteous usage" of all English ships at the harbour of Surat. This meant that Virji's agent was given a permit, authorising him to visit English ships for making commercial transactions. This indicates that he was already a well-established merchant by year 1619.
The business house of Virji Vora had branches at several places in India, as well as at the port cities of the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the South-East Asia. Virji had agents at most important commercial centers of India, including Agra, Burhanpur, Deccan, Goa, Calicut in Malabar, and Bihar. Within Gujrat his agents were in towns including Ahmedabad, Baroda and Bharouch.
An English factory record dated 18 July 1643 mentions him as "the sole monopolist of all European commodities". Virji Vora competed with the British East India Company (EIC) at times, but he was also their biggest creditor and customer in Surat. The two often sent gifts and letters to each other.
One English record states that "the town (Surat) is very empty of moneys; Virji Vora is the only master of it" and "none but Virgee Vorah hath moneye to lend or will lend."
A letter dated 27 January 1642 mentions him as the "greatest creditor" of the East India Company, and mentions that he offered a loan of Rs. 100,000 in "necessitous and calamitous times"
The Dutch and the English often used his facilities for transmitting large amounts of money from Surat to Agra through Hundis (similar to demand drafts or travellers cheque).
Virji Vora's relationships with the Mughal Governors of Surat were mostly cordial. Mir Musa, the Subahdar of Surat in the 1630s, himself traded with the English. In order to maintain good relations with him, Virji did not deal with the English in the commodities in which Mir Musa traded. Later in 1642, Mir Musa helped Virji corner to coral stock. Virji later used his friendship with Mir Musa to monopolize coral, pepper and other commodities in 1643.
Hakim Sadra who briefly replaced Mir Musa as the Subahdar in 1635, seized all the available supplies of pepper in Surat in 1638. He extorted money from the mercantile communities of Surat, and consequently, ran into a conflict with Virji Vora. In the early months of 1638, he put Virji in a jail at Surat. He charged Virji with as many as 50 offences, and sent a list of these offences to the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan. Virji denied all the charges, and was summoned by the emperor. The emperor set him free and removed Hakim from the office.
Virji Vora suffered a major setback when the Maratha chief Shiva Ji raided Surat in 1664. On 7 January 1664, the Maratha soldiers demolished his residence and warehouses, and looted a large amount of money along with pearls, rubies, emeralds and diamonds.
Volquard Iverson, a Dutch eye-witness states that Shivaji got "six barrels of gold, money, pearls, gems and other precious wares" from Virji.
The French traveler Jean de Thévenot, who visited Surat in the 1660s and developed a friendship with Virji, also wrote about the huge monetary loss suffered by him during the Shivaji's raid. William Foster estimates this loot to be worth £50,000.
Virji had grown old by 1670, and suffered another setback during Shivaji's second raid of Surat in 1670. The English and Dutch records of Surat's merchants and brokers do not mention him after 1670. Which indicates he passed in year 1670.
François Martin, who served as the head of the French operations in Surat during 1681-1686, wrote about a set of banker-cum-merchants whom he always referred to as "the brothers Boras" (Bohra bhai).
A 1655 letter from him to the Company is signed in Gujarati as "Virji Vohora Kendua".
The proof that Vir Ji Vohra was Dawoodi Bohra and not Hindu as per some right-wing Hindu writers: Shiva Ji looted Muslim and spared Hindus, he looted Muslim businessmen like Vir Ji Vora, Haji Zahid Beg, Haji Kasim, etc and spared Hindu businessmen like Mohandas Parekh. Looting Vir Ji was proof that he was not Hindu but a Bohra.
'Trade, Institutions and Ethnic Tolerance: Evidence from South Asia' by Saumitra Jha of Stanford Graduate School of Business (page 15) -
[This article was also published in: American Political Science Review, Vol. 107, No. 4 November 2013]
East Indian Company sources referred to one of their creditors, the Bohra merchant, Virji Vohra, as one of the richest merchants anywhere, holding a local monopoly over Arabian horses (Richards, 1996). This relative affluence seems to have continued over time; the 19th century Bombay Gazetteer (Campbell, ed, 1899)[p.29] states ¡°especially in Surat [Bohras] are prosperous, many of them rich and the bulk well-to-do; the poor thrifty and free from debt and the unfortunate are maintained from a common fund.¡±
Note ^1: John F. Richards is Professor of History at Duke University, North Carolina. His book was published by Cambridge University Press.
Note ^2: Source: James Douglas year 1883, 'A book of Bombay. Bombay Gazette Stam Press, Page number 133.
Note ^3: Source: Michael Naylor Pearson (1976) in his book 'Merchants and rulers in Gujrat, published by University of California Press.
Note ^4: R. J. Barendse (2002). The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century.
*****
Shipping Tycoon Bohra Mumin: Mulla Abdul Ghafur
Born c. 1622, Died c. 1718.
Dutch East India Company indicates that Mulla Abdul continually outmaneuvered European traders. [Refer note ^1]
He was born in poor family, progressed to be awarded title of "Umdat - ut - tujjar" (the most eminent merchant) by Mughal court. He was also renowned as a "merchant prince".
Owner of 17 - 34 Ships, they mavigates Indian ocean, Arabia, to the Chinese sea, Malay, and Sumatra.
Note ^1: Sorced from book: Great lives from history by Howard Bromberg. (This book details 446 wealthiest in ancient and current time).
Maratha bandit Shivaji has looted Mulla Abdul Ghafur too. - Article: Idea of money for Merchants by Dr. Monika Sharma.
Book: Storia Do Mogor (or Mogul India) was published for the Government of India in year 1907. This book gives details of business legends of Mulla Abdul Ghafur sahib.
*****
Mulla Mohammad Ali, Surat.
Book: Mirat - i - Ahmedi, page 457, 462, 495, 496, & 500 -
"Mulla Mohammad Ali (a business tycoon) maintained a troop of about THREE THOUSAND soldiers. He built luxurious fort and citadel."
Book: Vahora Vibhutiyo by Deepak Bardolikar, page 18:
"He was involved and interfered in local politics of Surat."
He developed island (near port of Gogha, Gujrat). And developed village of 'Athawa' in Surat near bank of river Tapi. Many people collected together to settle their. Several bazar spranged up on that road (towards his fort).
It is rightly said, "Bohra mumin sunsaan jagah ma bhi wase, to thoda arsa ma oli sunsaan jagah; gaanv jim aabad thai jaye."
Mulla Mohammad Ali sahib may be the only Bohra merchant in history of over one thousand years to keep private army of 3,000 soldiers.
In curiosity we searched over Google on famed "individual" business merchants from birth of Christ till date - if anyone kept big private army of soldiers; as big as our Bohra mumin merchant Mulla Mohammad Ali.
Caveat is we have not researched all books or website in above context. With whatever limited research on Google we did - To our surprise we found in past two thousand plus years: No individual merchant, never ever had body-guards or private army as big as of size three thousand soldiers!
Some company based businesses like Dutch India Company, East India Company or very few others from US (that too in special cases like world war) or Europe companies - other than these handful of companies form of business, no other business companies too; never ever had private army of such a huge size.
Little research on pirates too revealed their bandit troop too run in smaller size per boat.
So it is remarkable feat of our Bohra business tycoon Mulla Mohammad Ali to have his own fort for his business need and have his private army of the biggest size the world have ever seen at 3,000 soldiers. The greatest feat ever by a merchant indeed!
*****
Muhammad Mokrim
The Packard Humanities Institute, Los Altos, California, USA (Click link to open: The Packard) -
"Kureem Sáhib, meanwhile, when he moved off to Mahmood Bundur, met with no resistance; and having by night marches arrived at the town, he surrounded, and, at the first assault, bravely took possession of it, and plundered the houses of all the wealthy merchants, bankers, and traders, of bales on bales of merchandise, and bags on bags of gold and jewels. The next day, the whole of the wealth and commodities taken from all the merchants, who had expended millions of rupees in commissioning or procuring them from different parts of the world, for the purpose of barter, were collected in one place. Amongst the rest was the whole of the property of a certain Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohra tribe, the Chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships, who about this time had purchased thirty-five Jhawah or young elephants, of eight or nine years old, sixty Tankun, or ponies of Manilla and Pegu, and also cloths of great value, and dresses of honour from the countries of Bengal, Bunaras, China, Kashmeer, Boorhanpoor, Mutchliputtun, &c. All these articles were taken, and laden on elephants, camels, bullocks, and carts; and with the merchant to whom they had belonged, and his dependents, as prisoners, were sent to the Nawaub."
The history of Hyder Shah, alias Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur, and of his son, Tippoo Sultaun by His Highness Prince Gholam Mohammed page 254 (269) -
"The property of a certain Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohr a tribe (the Bohras are a tribe of newly converted Mussulmans, residing mostly in the North Western provinces of India, they are chiefly merchants and traders), the chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships, who about this time had purchased thirty-five young elephants of eight or nine years old, sixty taukun, or ponies of Manilla and Pegu, and also cloths of great value, and dresses of honour from the countries of Bengal, Bunares, China, Cashmere, Boorhanpoor, Mutchliputtun, etc. All these articles were taken, and laden on elephants, camels, bullocks, and carts, and with the merchant to whom they had belonged, and his dependants, as prisoners, were sent to Hyder."
Book: History of Mysore by C. Hayavadana Rao printed (Bangalore year 1946), page# 329 -
While the detachment under Karim Sahib, proceeding by night, marched to Porto Novo and took it at the first assault on the 22nd, plundering the houses of all the wealthy merchants, bankers and traders " of bales on bales of merchandise and bags on bags of gold and jewels," Karim Sahib having " collected in one place " the entire spoils, laden them " on elephants, camels, bullocks and carts " and sent them to Haidar, " with the merchant to whom they had belonged/' namely, Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohra tribe, the Chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships"
Hobson - Jobson: The anglo Indian Dictionary (first published in year 1886), page# 106, under heading "Bora" -
"Circa 1780 - The whole of the property of Muhammad Mokrim, a man of the Bohra tribe, the chief of all the merchants, and the owner of three or four merchant ships." was looted by Karim Sahib brother of Tipu Sultan of Mysore
The History of Hydar Naik, Otherwise Styled Shums Ul Moolk, Ameer Ud Dowla Nawaub Hydur Ali Khan Bahadoor, Hudur Jung, Nawaub of the Karnatic Balaghaut written by Meer Hussein Ali Khan Kirmani (Translated from an original Persian manuscript, in the library of Her Most Gracious Majesty by Colonel W. Miles, of the Hon. East India Company's Service.), page # 383 -
"Amongst the rest was the whole of the property of certain Muhammad Mokrim a man of the Bohra tribe the Chief of all the merchants and the owner of three or four merchant ships who about time had purchased thirty five Jhawah or elephants of eight or nine years old sixty Tankun or ponies of Manilla and Pegu and also of great value and dresses of honour from countries of Bengal Bunaras China Kashmeer Boorhanpoor Mutchliputtun etc All these were taken and laden on elephants camels bullocks and carts and with the merchant to they had belonged and his dependents as prisoners were sent to the Nawaub."
Bohras are located in north west India, and Porto-Nova is located in the South India. All the major historians reporting the era has categorically mentioned him as the "Chief of all merchants" - he was presumably the most resourceful and intelligent person of his time, he was under no pressure politically or materially from Bohras, he with his freewill and intelligence got converted into the maslaq of Dawoodi Bohras. This example of Muhammad Mukrim speaks in volume the truthfulness and rightfulness of Bohras that it appeals to intellect people.
[Porto-Novo, also called "Parangipettai - Historically called Porto Novo is a panchayat town in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. PortoNovo is situated on the north bank of the mouth of Vellar at a distance of 32km from Cuddalore and 22Km from Chidambaram. Porto Novo was an important trade centre during colonial era. Portuguese were the first European settlers of this place from whom it passed into the possession of the Dutch and finally handed it over to the English in 1824.]
16.) n.a.
17.) n.a.
18.) Historian Jadunath Sarkar on Bohras: The best overseas traders.
Engineer Asger in his animosity for Bohras falsely accuse that they were petty and insignificant traders/businessmen.
The noted historian Jadunath Sarkar in his notable work on Aurangzib, in his book 'History of Aurangzib', Volume - V, year 1924 writes on page # 433: "The Bohra branch of which supplied the best oversea traders and retail dealers in his western realm."
The noted historian Jadunath Sarkar in his notable work on Aurangzib, in his book 'History of Aurangzib', Volume - V, year 1924 writes on page # 433: "The Bohra branch of which supplied the best oversea traders and retail dealers in his western realm."
19.) Lord Curzon and others.
Book: A History of Modern India 1480-1950, edited by Claude Markovits, chapter 'Merchants And Cities' -
Page 325 - "Bohra Muslims played an important role in the commercial life of Bombay."
This author considered only Parsi's as the important business community, and then write only Vani of Gujrat and Bhatia of Kutch, Bohra and Khoja are other important business communities in the commercial life of Bombay. So, there were/are thousands of communities in Bombay, but when author talk about dominance (importance) the name of Bohra communities surfaces up - see this point from the dimension of the size of the population, compare to Bohras there are manifolds numbers of Vani and Bhatia. Not sure about the Khojas. Considering the small population of Bohra, they being playing the "important" role in commercial life in the top financial hub of Hindustan - that matters, that is the point that Bohras must be proud of.
Page # 20 of same above book, under the chapter, 'At the turn of the sixteenth century' - "It appears that the entire Gujrati society participated in mercantile activities. Muslims - generally Bohra or Khoja - were more willing to expatriate themselves than the others.
Page # 353, under chapter 'Lord Curzon and the high noon of Empire' - It was Indian traders from Gujrat (Muslim Bohras and Khojas, Hindu Patidars and Lohanas) and fem Tamil Nadu (Nattukottai Chettiars) who opened up Burma and eastern Africa to extensive British trade by serving as middlemen in the financing and commercialisation of the rice, cotton and coffee harvest.
Page 531, under chapter 'Sri Lanka' - Indian businessmen were active in Ceylon. Nattukottai Chettiars controlled land and commercial credit, Bohras the important rice trade, Sindhis textile imports.
Page 325 - "Bohra Muslims played an important role in the commercial life of Bombay."
This author considered only Parsi's as the important business community, and then write only Vani of Gujrat and Bhatia of Kutch, Bohra and Khoja are other important business communities in the commercial life of Bombay. So, there were/are thousands of communities in Bombay, but when author talk about dominance (importance) the name of Bohra communities surfaces up - see this point from the dimension of the size of the population, compare to Bohras there are manifolds numbers of Vani and Bhatia. Not sure about the Khojas. Considering the small population of Bohra, they being playing the "important" role in commercial life in the top financial hub of Hindustan - that matters, that is the point that Bohras must be proud of.
Page # 20 of same above book, under the chapter, 'At the turn of the sixteenth century' - "It appears that the entire Gujrati society participated in mercantile activities. Muslims - generally Bohra or Khoja - were more willing to expatriate themselves than the others.
Page # 353, under chapter 'Lord Curzon and the high noon of Empire' - It was Indian traders from Gujrat (Muslim Bohras and Khojas, Hindu Patidars and Lohanas) and fem Tamil Nadu (Nattukottai Chettiars) who opened up Burma and eastern Africa to extensive British trade by serving as middlemen in the financing and commercialisation of the rice, cotton and coffee harvest.
Page 531, under chapter 'Sri Lanka' - Indian businessmen were active in Ceylon. Nattukottai Chettiars controlled land and commercial credit, Bohras the important rice trade, Sindhis textile imports.
20.) Al Alimul Jayyad, sabik ustaad Jamiya Saifiya, Surat, Al muqqaddas Sheikh Ahmed Ali Raj.
Al Aalimul Jayyad Al Fazil Sabik Ustad Jamiya Saifiya, Surat Al Muqqaddas Sheikh Ahmed Ali Raj sahab
Bismillah hir Rahman nir Raheem
Al Quran: And Allah will surely bestow those mumin with the pious and pristine life.
Pious life of Ahmed Ali Raj, Revelation of ultimate truth, from his own pen.
Writer Ahmed Ali s/o Mulla Qurban Hussain s/o Mulla Ahmed Ali s/o Mulla Hibtullah Ji s/o Ibrahim Ji s/o Luqman Ji Rajnagar Wala (from Udaipur, Rajasthan, Hindustan) writes he was born on 1st Rajab al Asab 1334 Hijri (January 1st, 1914) after Maghrib.
My father, grand father and great grand father were all honest businessmen and served society, and served the office of Daawat.
Father after attending religious lessons from the then Aamil sahib, visiting graves of 'auliya Allah', and helping mumineen and muminaat; thereafter he would go to his shop for doing business. He assisted the then Aamil sahib in all possible manner.
Father was greatly inclined towards learning theology so he approached the then 'Sardar', the manager of Bohra community Abdullah Badruddin sahib appealing him to appoint an Aamil who can teach theology in details to the mumineen of Udaipur. His application was approved and Sheikh Tayyeb Ali Mama Ji was deputed to Udaipur.
All following were taught theology by Sheikh Tayyeb Ali Mama Ji: My father, Sheikh Gulam Abbas Jaipuri, Mulla Ali Mohammad Ji Head Master, Sheikh Gulam Ali Delhi Wala, Mulla Akbar Ali Wagpura Wala, Mulla Allahbaksh Kankroli Wala, Mulla Ismail Ji Attar Wala, and Mulla Ismail Ji Zeb, etc. This Aamil sahib kept himself busy with educating these above pupil of him.
One day a 'Raees' (rich man) angrily commented over this Aamil sahib, "Whole day you remain engage in teaching those pupil of yours, don't you have any other work?!" Aamil sahib replied in the same currency, "Tamara Awadpur ma su dharu che! Me to fakat aa tulba'on na khatir yaha aayo chu." ('Awad' means twisted टेढा). Listen it takes ten years of hard work to make one Mulla sahib, and it will take me just one day to prepare ten 'Raees'.
Aamil sahib Tayyeb Ali Mama Ji openly and vehemently challenged the Sunni scholar Abdul Ghani who wrote books against the Fatimi Imams.
This Aamil sahib was 'Mama' (maternal uncle) of Sardar Tahir Saifuddin sahib and was Burhanpuri.
After this Aamil sahib, next Aamil appointed to Udaipur was Sheikh Abdullah bhai Palanpur Wala s/o Mulla Fazal Hussain. He too like his predecessor was 'Jaiyad Aalim' Adeeb. "Riyaz Afqar" is 'Diwaan' (poetry booklet) written by him in very special style (मुक्य्यद अलतरफ़ीन) of poetry writing, it is in praise of Prophet Mohammad (s) and Mola Ali (a).
Aamil sahib Sheikh Abdullah Palanpur Wala reviled the truth of Najmuddin sahib fake Dai status (नज़मी इक्तिदार ) to his pupil, same above list that 46th Dai Syyedna Mohammad Badruddin a.q. has not conferred 'nuss' on anyone. And the then scholars elected Abdul Quadir Najmuddin to manage the affairs of community.
This Aamil sahib exhibited all the documents that he collected from the Najmuddin sahib to his pupils.
Sardar Tahir Saifuddin came to thrown and started the chain of him receiving the gala parties (ज़ियाफ़त) from mumineen . Aamil sahib remarked his honest concerns: ज़्याफ़त मा ज़्या रोशनी फ़ौत थई गई। (too much light of wisdom got doused because of too much material parties). Aamil sahib honesty angered party seeking Tahir Saifuddin sahib. My father assisted this Aamil sahib as humanly as possible. He passed away on date 29 Shaban 1336 Hijri in Udaipur. Over his grave his pupil build a dome.
Tahir Saifuddin sahib ordered Ibrahim, his new Aamil of Udaipur to demolish the dome. Mulla Mohammad Hussain Sabil Wala initiated the task of demolition. Just one rock-sheet from dome top (छ्ज़्ज़ा) was demolished and there came all those loyal pupil of Aamil sahib who intervened and permanently stopped further demolition. That single broken sheet from the dome is still visible today. 'Afsos' on the Kothar's misbehaviour!
After receiving education from Aamil sahib Sheikh Abdullah bhai Palanpuri my father and my teacher Mulla Ali Mohammad Ji Bambora Wala Master sahib went to Dars-a-Saify, Surat to pursue further education. In there, no 'nuss' conferred by Syyedna Badruddin a.q. was topic of general discussion. After seeing the situation, they went to Mazoon Dawood Bhaisahib Shhabuddin sahib, the Aamil of Surat and inquired about the prevailing situation? Aamil sahib emphatically replied in Arabic Quranic verse meaning: "Tamhara jaano ne maaro and tamhara Bari Ta'ala ni taraf bali jao." (तमहारा जानों ने मारो अने तमहारा बारी तआला नि तरफ़ वली जाओ). After this endorsement from Mazoon sahib they understood the truth and duo returned back to their hometown Udaipur. Mazoon sahib brother Ishaq bhaisahib Jamaluddin replied to question about the 'nuss', Ishaaq bhaisahib said, brother Dawood Shhabuddin too holds the vision that "there was no nuss conferred". Similar was the vision of all Mashaiq (plural of 'Sheikh'), Bhaisahibs, and 'Nazim sahib' but they do not revealed it in public to protect and run the affairs of community.
After receiving the primary education from Taiyabiya School, thereafter from Ustaad Master Sahib (Mulla Ali Mohammad Ji Bambora Wala) and Mulla Ismail Ali Attarwala, etc, the then Aamil sahib of Udaipur Janab Abdul Taiyab Jamaluddin helped me in getting admission into Dars-a-Saifi, Surat.
My father was caring parent, he took all pain to ensure the best education for us. He always use to tell us, " (This article is presently under construction)
Bismillah hir Rahman nir Raheem
Al Quran: And Allah will surely bestow those mumin with the pious and pristine life.
Pious life of Ahmed Ali Raj, Revelation of ultimate truth, from his own pen.
Writer Ahmed Ali s/o Mulla Qurban Hussain s/o Mulla Ahmed Ali s/o Mulla Hibtullah Ji s/o Ibrahim Ji s/o Luqman Ji Rajnagar Wala (from Udaipur, Rajasthan, Hindustan) writes he was born on 1st Rajab al Asab 1334 Hijri (January 1st, 1914) after Maghrib.
My father, grand father and great grand father were all honest businessmen and served society, and served the office of Daawat.
Father after attending religious lessons from the then Aamil sahib, visiting graves of 'auliya Allah', and helping mumineen and muminaat; thereafter he would go to his shop for doing business. He assisted the then Aamil sahib in all possible manner.
Father was greatly inclined towards learning theology so he approached the then 'Sardar', the manager of Bohra community Abdullah Badruddin sahib appealing him to appoint an Aamil who can teach theology in details to the mumineen of Udaipur. His application was approved and Sheikh Tayyeb Ali Mama Ji was deputed to Udaipur.
All following were taught theology by Sheikh Tayyeb Ali Mama Ji: My father, Sheikh Gulam Abbas Jaipuri, Mulla Ali Mohammad Ji Head Master, Sheikh Gulam Ali Delhi Wala, Mulla Akbar Ali Wagpura Wala, Mulla Allahbaksh Kankroli Wala, Mulla Ismail Ji Attar Wala, and Mulla Ismail Ji Zeb, etc. This Aamil sahib kept himself busy with educating these above pupil of him.
One day a 'Raees' (rich man) angrily commented over this Aamil sahib, "Whole day you remain engage in teaching those pupil of yours, don't you have any other work?!" Aamil sahib replied in the same currency, "Tamara Awadpur ma su dharu che! Me to fakat aa tulba'on na khatir yaha aayo chu." ('Awad' means twisted टेढा). Listen it takes ten years of hard work to make one Mulla sahib, and it will take me just one day to prepare ten 'Raees'.
Aamil sahib Tayyeb Ali Mama Ji openly and vehemently challenged the Sunni scholar Abdul Ghani who wrote books against the Fatimi Imams.
This Aamil sahib was 'Mama' (maternal uncle) of Sardar Tahir Saifuddin sahib and was Burhanpuri.
After this Aamil sahib, next Aamil appointed to Udaipur was Sheikh Abdullah bhai Palanpur Wala s/o Mulla Fazal Hussain. He too like his predecessor was 'Jaiyad Aalim' Adeeb. "Riyaz Afqar" is 'Diwaan' (poetry booklet) written by him in very special style (मुक्य्यद अलतरफ़ीन) of poetry writing, it is in praise of Prophet Mohammad (s) and Mola Ali (a).
Aamil sahib Sheikh Abdullah Palanpur Wala reviled the truth of Najmuddin sahib fake Dai status (नज़मी इक्तिदार ) to his pupil, same above list that 46th Dai Syyedna Mohammad Badruddin a.q. has not conferred 'nuss' on anyone. And the then scholars elected Abdul Quadir Najmuddin to manage the affairs of community.
This Aamil sahib exhibited all the documents that he collected from the Najmuddin sahib to his pupils.
Sardar Tahir Saifuddin came to thrown and started the chain of him receiving the gala parties (ज़ियाफ़त) from mumineen . Aamil sahib remarked his honest concerns: ज़्याफ़त मा ज़्या रोशनी फ़ौत थई गई। (too much light of wisdom got doused because of too much material parties). Aamil sahib honesty angered party seeking Tahir Saifuddin sahib. My father assisted this Aamil sahib as humanly as possible. He passed away on date 29 Shaban 1336 Hijri in Udaipur. Over his grave his pupil build a dome.
Tahir Saifuddin sahib ordered Ibrahim, his new Aamil of Udaipur to demolish the dome. Mulla Mohammad Hussain Sabil Wala initiated the task of demolition. Just one rock-sheet from dome top (छ्ज़्ज़ा) was demolished and there came all those loyal pupil of Aamil sahib who intervened and permanently stopped further demolition. That single broken sheet from the dome is still visible today. 'Afsos' on the Kothar's misbehaviour!
After receiving education from Aamil sahib Sheikh Abdullah bhai Palanpuri my father and my teacher Mulla Ali Mohammad Ji Bambora Wala Master sahib went to Dars-a-Saify, Surat to pursue further education. In there, no 'nuss' conferred by Syyedna Badruddin a.q. was topic of general discussion. After seeing the situation, they went to Mazoon Dawood Bhaisahib Shhabuddin sahib, the Aamil of Surat and inquired about the prevailing situation? Aamil sahib emphatically replied in Arabic Quranic verse meaning: "Tamhara jaano ne maaro and tamhara Bari Ta'ala ni taraf bali jao." (तमहारा जानों ने मारो अने तमहारा बारी तआला नि तरफ़ वली जाओ). After this endorsement from Mazoon sahib they understood the truth and duo returned back to their hometown Udaipur. Mazoon sahib brother Ishaq bhaisahib Jamaluddin replied to question about the 'nuss', Ishaaq bhaisahib said, brother Dawood Shhabuddin too holds the vision that "there was no nuss conferred". Similar was the vision of all Mashaiq (plural of 'Sheikh'), Bhaisahibs, and 'Nazim sahib' but they do not revealed it in public to protect and run the affairs of community.
After receiving the primary education from Taiyabiya School, thereafter from Ustaad Master Sahib (Mulla Ali Mohammad Ji Bambora Wala) and Mulla Ismail Ali Attarwala, etc, the then Aamil sahib of Udaipur Janab Abdul Taiyab Jamaluddin helped me in getting admission into Dars-a-Saifi, Surat.
My father was caring parent, he took all pain to ensure the best education for us. He always use to tell us, " (This article is presently under construction)
21.) Al Alimur Rashid Sheikh Sajjad Hussain Sarangpurwala
Al Alimur Rashid Shaheed Sheikh Sajjad Hussain Sarangpur Wala
The life history of this great soul is available in approx. forty pages on the following link:
The life history of this great soul is available in approx. forty pages on the following link:
22.) Common Bohra mumineen and their uncommon success.
Common Bohras Mumineen and their uncommon success:
Janab Abdul Ali Ebrahim
Hong Kong - Kowloon ferry was founded by Janab Abdul Ali Ebrahim, his descendants still are leading businessmen in Hong-Kong.
Janab Habil Khoraki Wala
Wockhardt Ltd.: $3.3 billion market cap - founded by our mumin brother in faith Janab Habil Khoraki Wala.
Zoher Khoraki Wala
Monginis Bakery, Mumbai - ranked 256th most trusted brand (in year 2014) - owned by Zoher Khoraki Wala.
India's first departmental store Akbarally's was founded by Bohra mumin.
Janab Goolam Essa Ji Vahanvati
The 13th Attorney General of India (current AGI is# 14th) was our Bohra mumin Janab Goolam Essa Ji Vahanvati sahib.
A.M. Ahmadi sahib
26th Chief Justice of India and current Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University is our Bohra mumin: A.M. Ahmadi sahib.
Gujrati poet: Janab Shekhdam Abu Wala.
Famous painter: Late Janab Tyeb Mehta.
Mayor of Karachi: Janab Zakir Alvi.
Member of Parliament (India): Martyr Ehsan Jafri sahib.
Janab Fakhruddin G. Ebrahim -
24th Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan, Justice Minster, and was associated Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan.
Janab Yusuf Hamied -
Leading scientist, Padma Bhushan awardee (by Government of India) and chairman of Pharma major Cipla too is our Bohra mumin.
Lord Gulam Noon -
He is our Bohra mumin. Currently the Chancellor of University of East London, honoured with British Knighthood, also known as the "Curry King" of Britain. Was honoured Member of the Order of the British Empire.
Governor Janab Sadiq Ali sahib s/o Janab Tahir Ali -
Born in year 1910 in Udaipur. Joined freedom struggle and was jailed several times for same. He was Member of Rajya Sabha (Upper House in Indian Parliament) for twelve years. He served as the President of Indian National Congress. Was Governor of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Was chairman of several Government of India's trusts, councils and samiti's. He was burried in Sayyedi Khan Ji Pheer a.q. graveyard in Udaipur.
Janab Abdul Ali Ebrahim
Hong Kong - Kowloon ferry was founded by Janab Abdul Ali Ebrahim, his descendants still are leading businessmen in Hong-Kong.
Janab Habil Khoraki Wala
Wockhardt Ltd.: $3.3 billion market cap - founded by our mumin brother in faith Janab Habil Khoraki Wala.
Zoher Khoraki Wala
Monginis Bakery, Mumbai - ranked 256th most trusted brand (in year 2014) - owned by Zoher Khoraki Wala.
India's first departmental store Akbarally's was founded by Bohra mumin.
Janab Goolam Essa Ji Vahanvati
The 13th Attorney General of India (current AGI is# 14th) was our Bohra mumin Janab Goolam Essa Ji Vahanvati sahib.
A.M. Ahmadi sahib
26th Chief Justice of India and current Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University is our Bohra mumin: A.M. Ahmadi sahib.
Gujrati poet: Janab Shekhdam Abu Wala.
Famous painter: Late Janab Tyeb Mehta.
Mayor of Karachi: Janab Zakir Alvi.
Member of Parliament (India): Martyr Ehsan Jafri sahib.
Janab Fakhruddin G. Ebrahim -
24th Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan, Justice Minster, and was associated Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan.
Janab Yusuf Hamied -
Leading scientist, Padma Bhushan awardee (by Government of India) and chairman of Pharma major Cipla too is our Bohra mumin.
Lord Gulam Noon -
He is our Bohra mumin. Currently the Chancellor of University of East London, honoured with British Knighthood, also known as the "Curry King" of Britain. Was honoured Member of the Order of the British Empire.
Governor Janab Sadiq Ali sahib s/o Janab Tahir Ali -
Born in year 1910 in Udaipur. Joined freedom struggle and was jailed several times for same. He was Member of Rajya Sabha (Upper House in Indian Parliament) for twelve years. He served as the President of Indian National Congress. Was Governor of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Was chairman of several Government of India's trusts, councils and samiti's. He was burried in Sayyedi Khan Ji Pheer a.q. graveyard in Udaipur.
23.) Astrolabe - discovery of America.
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Astrolabe - discovery of America
British Museum in London have kept an 'Astrolabe' developed in the time of Imam Moiz a.s. Astrolabe meaning: Instrument for measuring altitude of the sun and stars at sea. Fatimid supremacy on the sea was possible due to their knowledge of astronomy and geography. The discovery of America was made possible only by use of Astrolabe by Europeans. And as per the Adler Museum of Chicago, USA European got their Astrolabe from Islamic (Fatimi) world. |
Wa aakhiro daawana anil hamdo lillahe Rabbil aalameen